Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: 4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13943-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Image a shows an illustration of the studied Li/MnO 2 CR2 primary cell from Duracell. Graph b shows the constant resistance discharge curve for the CR2 cell over 4.5 Ω, where simultaneous fast X-ray CT was carried out. Graph c shows the constant resistance discharge curve over 4.7 Ω, where the discharge was interrupted for each neutron tomography after a certain time interval. Image d displays the reconstructed tomograms from neutron and X-ray CT along with examples of sections extracted following virtual unrolling of the reconstructions. Clearly visible in the X-ray images is the nickel current collecting mesh, which appears brighter than the Li x MnO 2 active electrode material.

Article Snippet: In the current manuscript, we extend our previous study to evaluate the Li distribution in the MnO 2 cathode of a commercial CR2 Li-ion primary cell from Duracell using both X-ray and neutron CT.

Techniques: Tomography

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: 4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13943-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: a shows horizontal and vertical orthogonal slices out of the X-ray tomograms. In total, 103 tomograms were recorded labelled from CR2-000 to CR2-102. One tomogram was recorded every 40 s with a total acquisition period of 2.8 s. Here the pristine state and two partly discharged states are presented. The images show the cracking and volume expansion of the MnO 2 electrode during cell discharging. The highly absorbing steel casing is visible as very bright ring around the wounded membrane–electrode ensemble. The contrast was optimised in order to improve the contrast within the lower attenuating components. b shows orthogonal slices of the neutron tomogram captured during the discharge over a 4.7 Ω resistor, where the lithium electrode and the excess of electrolyte in the middle of the cell are clearly visible. Lithium intercalation and electrolyte consumption are observed, as well as electrode cracking and electrolyte consumption. In total, eight neutron tomograms were collected with an acquisition period of about 8 h. The discharging process was interrupted for each tomogram and labelled with CR2-00 from the pristine to CR2-07, the fully discharged SoC.

Article Snippet: In the current manuscript, we extend our previous study to evaluate the Li distribution in the MnO 2 cathode of a commercial CR2 Li-ion primary cell from Duracell using both X-ray and neutron CT.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: 4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13943-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: For the analysis of the lithium distribution over the MnO 2 electrode thickness, a the current metal collector mesh is digitally removed before the electrode is unrolled. The electrode thickness is divided into five depths and the normalised grey values plotted over the electrode lengths. b represents the changed lithium distribution for the tomograms CR2-000, CR2-036 and CR2-096. The lithium content or cracking increases much more on the outer electrode side (blue) compared to the inner side and the electrode outer ending, as indicated by the reduced grey values. The lithium content is highest at the side of the current collector tab, exhibiting sinusoidal variation with increasing amplitude as the cell discharges.

Article Snippet: In the current manuscript, we extend our previous study to evaluate the Li distribution in the MnO 2 cathode of a commercial CR2 Li-ion primary cell from Duracell using both X-ray and neutron CT.

Techniques:

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: 4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13943-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: The analysis of the lithium intercalation in the Li x MnO 2 electrode is divided in four sections, the top, middle, bottom and overall part. a shows the pristine neutron tomogram divided in the studied parts. b displays the unrolled and over the thickness averaged electrodes of the pristine (CR2-00), partly discharged to −225.71 mAh (CR2-03) and partly discharged to −580.55 mAh (CR2-06) SoC and the related line plots. The intensity increase, due to the lithium intercalation, during discharging is clearly visible. On the top, the electrode undergoes a very strong lithiation during the first period of discharging. Over the electrode length, a sinusoidal intensity profile with increasing period is observed, with maxima at the tab side. This structure is caused by a higher lithium content on that side.

Article Snippet: In the current manuscript, we extend our previous study to evaluate the Li distribution in the MnO 2 cathode of a commercial CR2 Li-ion primary cell from Duracell using both X-ray and neutron CT.

Techniques: